
The turn of the screw
Youden’s index. Youden’s index or accuracy index is described, as well as the number needed to diagnose and the number needed to misdiagnose.

Evidence Based Medicine pills

Evidence Based Medicine pills

Youden’s index. Youden’s index or accuracy index is described, as well as the number needed to diagnose and the number needed to misdiagnose.

Contingency tables. Contingency tables are described for the most common studies: cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies.

Residuals. The calculation of the residuals of a contingency table is shown, using the observed and expected values.

Prediction intervals. Other intervals less known than the confidence interval are described, such as the prediction intervals and the tolerance intervals.

Clinical relevance. We describe how the clinical relevance of the results of a study should be assessed, without being limited only to their statistical significance.