At a rough guess
Signs test. Signs test compares two medians using the direction of the values with respect to the mean and binomial probability.

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Signs test. Signs test compares two medians using the direction of the values with respect to the mean and binomial probability.
Data imputation. Data imputation includes a number of techniques for assigning theoretical values to variables with missing data.
Degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom refer to the number of observations in a sample that can take any possible value.
Power and sample size. Power and sample size are two related concepts, which have to do with the ability to detect the studied effect.
Binomial probability. Binomial probability allows us to show that if we play roulette, except on rare occasions with luck, the bank always wins.